Information technology IT is a set of related fields that encompass computer systems, software , programming languages , data and information processing, and storage. Successful IT projects require meticulous planning and ongoing maintenance to ensure optimal functionality and alignment with organizational objectives. Although humans have been storing, retrieving, manipulating, analysing and communicating information since the earliest writing systems were developed, [ 5 ] the term information technology in its modern sense first appeared in a article published in the Harvard Business Review ; authors Harold J.
Leavitt and Thomas L. Whisler commented that "the new technology does not yet have a single established name. We shall call it information technology IT. The term is commonly used as a synonym for computers and computer networks , but it also encompasses other information distribution technologies such as television and telephones. Several products or services within an economy are associated with information technology, including computer hardware , software , electronics, semiconductors, internet , telecom equipment , and e-commerce.
Based on the storage and processing technologies employed, it is possible to distinguish four distinct phases of IT development: pre-mechanical BC β AD , mechanical β , electromechanical β , and electronic to present. Information technology is a branch of computer science , defined as the study of procedures, structures, and the processing of various types of data. As this field continues to evolve globally, its priority and importance have grown, leading to the introduction of computer science-related courses in K education.
Ideas of computer science were first mentioned before the s under the Massachusetts Institute of Technology MIT and Harvard University , where they had discussed and began thinking of computer circuits and numerical calculations.
As time went on, the field of information technology and computer science became more complex and was able to handle the processing of more data. Scholarly articles began to be published from different organizations. During the early computing, Alan Turing , J. Presper Eckert , and John Mauchly were considered some of the major pioneers of computer technology in the mids. Giving them such credit for their developments, most of their efforts were focused on designing the first digital computer.
