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Official websites use. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. This article summarizes an extensive literature review addressing the question, How can we spread and sustain innovations in health service delivery and organization?
It considers both content defining and measuring the diffusion of innovation in organizations and process reviewing the literature in a systematic and reproducible way. This article discusses 1 a parsimonious and evidence-based model for considering the diffusion of innovations in health service organizations, 2 clear knowledge gaps where further research should be focused, and 3 a robust and transferable methodology for systematically reviewing health service policy and management.
Both the model and the method should be tested more widely in a range of contexts. This article summarizes the findings of a systematic literature review of the diffusion of service innovations. Our review, which supplements and extends previous overviews and meta-analyses Damanpour , , ; Granados et al. Because of the size and scope of our review, we cannot describe all our findings or discuss all our sources in this article. Instead, we encourage interested readers to read the complete project report Greenhalgh et al.
We defined a systematic review as a review of the literature according to an explicit, rigorous, and transparent methodology. We distinguished among diffusion passive spread , dissemination active and planned efforts to persuade target groups to adopt an innovation , implementation active and planned efforts to mainstream an innovation within an organization , and sustainability making an innovation routine until it reaches obsolescence.
But we did note an ambiguity in the notion of sustainability i. The breakdown of sources that contributed to the final report is shown in Figure 1. Because formal search techniques e. Our search strategy was designed to concentrate on the service sector, particularly health care. But as the review unfolded, two things became clear: first, in many areas, the evidence meeting all these criteria was sparse, and second, we could gain critical insights from beyond the parameters we had set.