Introduction: Colorectal cancer CRC presents a substantial challenge characterized by unacceptably high mortality and morbidity, primarily attributed to delayed diagnosis and reliance on palliative care. The immune response of the host plays a pivotal role in carcinogenesis, with IL emerging as a potential protective factor in CRC.
Results: Our investigation revealed a significant correlation between IL expression and metastasis, particularly concerning survival and interactions among diverse leucocytes within draining lymph nodes.
In the mesentery lymph nodes, we observed an inverse correlation between IL expression and stages of lymph node invasions TNM , invasion depth, distance, and differentiation. The combined assessment of IL and PD-1 expression in colorectal regional nodes emerges as a promising biomarker for predicting the prognosis of CRC.
Colorectal cancer CRC remains a formidable challenge to human health, even with substantial technological advancements, especially in early malignancy screening over recent decades 1. The unacceptably high mortality and morbidity associated with CRC, particularly for individuals under the age of 50, have been on the rise globally.
The multifaceted nature of tumorigenesis, shaped by genetic backgrounds 2 , environmental factors 3 , and the presence of infections or inflammation 4 , underscores the inherent complexity of this disease. These tumours manifest an immune-exclusive microenvironment, likely due to a lower tumour mutational burden. For instance, approaches such as radiotherapy are being investigated to induce inflammation and potentially enhance the responsiveness of this CRC subtype to ICIs 7.
