The history of West Virginia stems from the Wheeling Convention , which was an assembly of northwestern Southern Unionist from northwestern counties of the state of Virginia. West Virginia was formed and recognized by the U. Congress on June 20, , and protected by the U. The area that comprises West Virginia was originally part of the British Virginia Colony β and the western part of the U. Commonwealth of Virginia β , and state of Virginia β Western Virginia became sharply divided over the issue of secession from the Union , leading to the separation from Virginia, and formalized by West Virginia's admittance to the Union as a new state in West Virginia was one of five Civil War border states.
During the late 19th and early 20th century West Virginia saw its population grow, due in large part to the economic job opportunities provided by the coal and logging industries.
Since the midth century, West Virginia has experienced population declines due in large part to its citizens leaving for opportunities elsewhere. West Virginia's history has been profoundly affected by its mountainous terrain, spectacular river valleys, and rich natural resources. These were all factors driving its state economy and the lifestyles of residents, as well as drawing visitors to the state. West Virginia's nickname is known as the "Mountain State" due to its landscape being largely covered by the Appalachian Mountains.
The area now known as West Virginia was a favorite hunting ground of numerous Native American peoples before the arrival of European settlers. Many ancient earthen mounds constructed by various mound builder cultures survive, especially in the areas of Moundsville , South Charleston , and Romney. The artifacts uncovered in these give evidence of a village society having a tribal trade system culture that practiced the cold working of copper to a limited extent.
As of [update] , over 12, archaeological sites have been documented in West Virginia. Paleo-Indian culture appears by 10, BC in West Virginia passing along the major river valleys and ridge-line gap watersheds. The Adena provided the greatest cultural influence in the state.
