HIV prevalence was For adulthood the factors included lower SES score lowest vs. Only Taken together, adverse events in childhood and adolescence were associated with increased odds of living with HIV, and were more strongly associated with HIV serostatus than adulthood structural or behavioural risk factors.
This study highlights the importance of addressing adverse events throughout the life course to reduce HIV risk, and the need to continue multi-level HIV prevention and treatment efforts.
Editor: Marie A. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Data Availability: The data are not publicly available due to the need to protect participant confidentiality and safety. Requests to access data should be directed to: researchdatamanagement lshtm.
TB was the principal investigator and the recipient of the funding. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Competing interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. In , it was estimated that In , almost half The majority of countries in sub-Saharan Africa SSA have seen a decline in both HIV prevalence and incidence among the general population during the last two decades, although this progress may be slowing [ 1 , 3 ].
In Kenya, from where the data for this paper are drawn, HIV prevalence in was estimated as Unlike the general population, HIV prevalence among FSWs over the past decade has remained stable across most settings globally [ 4 , 7 , 8 ], with FSWs not equally benefitting from efforts to increase HIV service coverage [ 9 ]. FSWs who have sought HIV prevention and treatment services have reported violence, police harassment and discrimination from healthcare providers, all of which can deter them from accessing the care they require [ 10 ].
